Tau protein reveals sudden advantages in mitigating mind injury

A research by researchers at Baylor Faculty of Medication and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Analysis Institute (Duncan NRI) at Texas Kids’s Hospital, reveals that the protein Tau – a key participant implicated in a number of neurodegenerative situations together with Alzheimer’s illness – additionally performs a constructive function within the mind. Tau mitigates neuronal injury attributable to extreme reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals and promotes wholesome growing old. The research was revealed in Nature Neuroscience.

“ROS are pure byproducts of varied mobile features within the physique. Whereas low ranges of ROS are useful, extra ROS is dangerous to cells because it triggers the manufacturing of poisonous types of different molecules that induce oxidative stress, together with peroxidated lipids,” mentioned lead writer Dr. Lindsey Goodman, a postdoctoral fellow within the lab of Dr. Hugo Bellen. “Neurons are notably prone to oxidative stress and are destroyed if peroxidated lipid ranges usually are not tightly managed.”

Lipid droplets defend the mind from oxidative injury

There may be mounting proof supporting the notion that our brains have developed a number of neuroprotective methods to fight ROS-induced oxidative injury.

One of many methods, found in 2015 by the Bellen staff, consists of neurons exporting these poisonous peroxidated lipids to neighboring glial cells, which sequester them into lipid droplets for storage and future power manufacturing. “This course of successfully removes and neutralizes these poisonous lipids,” Goodman mentioned. “Within the present research we investigated the function of Tau within the formation of glial lipid droplets.”

The staff discovered that endogenous regular Tau in flies is required for glial lipid droplet formation and for safeguarding in opposition to neuronal ROS. Equally, Tau was required in glial cells obtained from rats and people to kind lipid droplets.

And whereas expression of regular human Tau was ample to revive the method of formation and maturation of glial lipid droplets in flies missing their very own Tau, when this human Tau protein carried disease-causing mutations – that are linked to an elevated danger for Alzheimer’s illness – the glia have been incapable of forming lipid droplets in response to neuronal ROS.

This argues that mutations in Tau might cut back the protein’s regular potential to forestall oxidative stress along with inflicting the protein to build up into the everyday hallmarks of illness, as described by earlier work. Altogether, the findings assist a brand new neuroprotective function for Tau in opposition to the toxicity related to ROS.”

Dr. Lindsey Goodman, lead writer

Additional connections with illness have been found utilizing established fly and rat fashions of Tau-mediated situations that overexpress disease-causing human Tau protein in glia. In these eventualities, the investigators once more noticed defects in glial lipid droplets and glial cell demise in response to neuronal ROS. This demonstrated that Tau is a dosage-sensitive regulator of glial lipid droplets the place an excessive amount of or too little Tau is detrimental.

“By revealing a stunning new neuroprotective function for Tau, the research opens the door to potential new methods to gradual, reverse and deal with neurodegenerative situations,” mentioned Bellen, corresponding writer of the work. He’s a distinguished service professor in molecular biology and genetics at Baylor and holds a Chair in Neurogenetics at Duncan NRI. Bellen is also a March of Dimes Professor in Developmental Biology at Baylor.

In abstract, opposite to its standard ‘dangerous man’ function in neurodegenerative illness, this research demonstrates that Tau additionally performs a ‘good man’ function in glia by serving to sequester poisonous lipids, decreasing oxidative injury and, therefore defending our brains. Nevertheless, when Tau is absent or when faulty Tau proteins are current, this protecting impact disappears, resulting in illness.