Uncover how a key nutrient in your food plan may maintain the key to an extended life and higher coronary heart well being with groundbreaking insights into niacin’s position in metabolic and mobile rejuvenation.
Examine: Affiliation of dietary niacin consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: Nationwide Well being and Vitamin Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. Picture Credit score: Shutterstock AI
A research revealed within the journal Scientific Studies reveals that dietary consumption of vitamin B3 can scale back the dangers of all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality amongst US adults.
Background
Vitamin B3, also referred to as niacin, is a water-soluble micronutrient very important for numerous physiological processes. Niacin deficiency can result in extreme well being situations, together with pellagra, a extreme illness characterised by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and fatality.
Some international locations have adopted niacin fortification of wheat flour and cereals to forestall pellagra. Furthermore, a number of frequent meals, together with beef, pork, rooster, espresso, and tea, comprise excessive quantities of niacin.
This makes niacin a extremely prevalent dietary micronutrient in fashionable Western diets, particularly in america, the place niacin consumption surpasses the advisable dietary allowance by threefold.
Niacin is well-known for its therapeutic results in dyslipidemia. A number of research have proven that niacin can considerably scale back the extent of low-density lipoprotein ldl cholesterol (dangerous ldl cholesterol) and enhance the extent of high-density lipoprotein ldl cholesterol (good ldl cholesterol) within the blood.
Research have produced blended outcomes concerning the cardioprotective results of niacin. This phenomenon, often called the “niacin paradox,” highlights instances the place lipid profile enhancements don’t persistently result in higher cardiovascular outcomes. Whereas some research have discovered reasonably helpful results of niacin on cardiovascular occasions, some have discovered that niacin doesn’t scale back cardiovascular occasion dangers and that it could enhance the danger of all-cause mortality.
Given the shortage of data on niacin’s impression on long-term well being outcomes, the present research was designed to analyze the affiliation between dietary niacin consumption and causes of cardiovascular mortality within the US common inhabitants.
Examine Design
This research included 26,746 grownup people who participated within the Nationwide Well being and Vitamin Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. The median follow-up interval was 9.17 years.
Niacin consumption was obtained from two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The members have been categorized into 4 teams primarily based on their common consumption over two days.
Statistical analyses have been carried out to check the danger of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality amongst members grouped into completely different dietary niacin consumption quartiles. Sensitivity analyses, similar to excluding members with pre-existing heart problems (CVD) or most cancers, confirmed the robustness of those findings.
Vital Observations
A complete of three,551 deaths from all causes and 1,096 deaths because of cardiovascular occasions occurred through the research follow-up interval.
The statistical analyses confirmed a destructive affiliation between dietary niacin consumption and danger of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Individuals with the best consumption of niacin exhibited decrease dangers of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than these with the bottom consumption of dietary niacin.
A dose-response affiliation was noticed between dietary niacin consumption and mortality dangers, that means {that a} discount in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality danger was noticed with growing dietary niacin consumption. Nevertheless, the advantages plateaued when niacin consumption exceeded the median worth of twenty-two.45 milligrams per day.
Subgroup analyses stratified by age, intercourse, ethnicity, academic stage, smoking, alcohol consumption, physique mass index (BMI), and illness situations revealed that the impression of dietary niacin consumption on the danger of all-cause mortality was considerably extra pronounced in non-diabetic people in comparison with diabetic sufferers.
Relating to cardiovascular mortality danger discount, the helpful impression of niacin consumption was noticed in some subgroups, together with older adults, females, non-Hispanic White people, larger schooling, weight problems, smoking, non-hypertension, non-diabetes, non-dyslipidemia, and non-cardiovascular illness. Baseline traits confirmed that people with larger niacin consumption have been usually youthful, extra educated, and extra more likely to smoke or devour alcohol.
Examine Significance
The research finds an inverse affiliation between dietary niacin consumption and danger of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within the US grownup inhabitants.
Niacin consumption could also be helpful as a result of it improves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. As a NAD precursor, niacin can enhance NAD ranges, subsequently enhance mobile metabolism and mitochondrial capabilities, and scale back DNA harm, irritation, cell loss of life, and cell ageing by way of numerous mechanisms.
Niacin has been discovered to cut back chemotherapy-related muscle mass loss in most cancers sufferers by restoring tissue NAD ranges and enhancing mitochondrial metabolism. Niacin has additionally been discovered to extend muscle efficiency in adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy by mitigating systemic NAD deficiency and growing mitochondrial biogenesis and performance.
These observations present an understanding of how niacin reduces mortality dangers.
Niacin’s cardiovascular advantages could also be attributed to its position as a lipid-lowering agent. As a potent G protein-coupled receptor agonist, niacin can inhibit lipolysis and scale back free fatty acid manufacturing.
Current analysis highlights how niacin-derived metabolites, similar to 2PY and 4PY, could activate inflammatory pathways that contribute to cardiovascular dangers. This underscores the necessity for continued analysis of niacin’s twin results on well being.
The research finds a extra pronounced impact of niacin consumption on all-cause mortality danger discount in non-diabetic people. On this context, earlier research have proven that niacin will increase the danger of diabetes by growing blood glucose ranges and lowering insulin sensitivity.
These observations counsel that larger niacin consumption is perhaps advisable to cut back all-cause mortality danger in non-diabetic folks however not in diabetic sufferers.
Additional analysis is required to make clear niacin’s variable results throughout populations and its position as an NAD modulator versus a lipid-lowering agent in lowering long-term well being dangers.
Journal reference:
- Lin, L., Chen, S., Zhang, C., Li, L., Chen, Y., Li, D., Cai, Q., Zhou, X., & Yang, F. (2024). Affiliation of dietary niacin consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: Nationwide Well being and Vitamin Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. Scientific Studies, 14(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79986-9, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-79986-9